Fluid-operated motor



Patented May 17, 1927.

narran STATES PATENT OFFICE.

AUGUST H. KATTERJ'OHN, OF DENYER, COLORADO, ASSIGNOR TO THE vDEIIIVER ROCK DRILL`MANUFACTURING COMPANY, OF DENVER, COLORADO, A CORPORATION OF DELAWARE.

FLUD-OPERATED MOTOR.

Application alea :ranuary 1s, 1923. serial No. 613,482.

The present invention relates to automatic distributing valves for motors operated by expansive fluid under pressure, and is in the nature of an improvement on the valve structure disclosed in the patent to llvaugh, No. 919,270, April 20, 1909. i

One of the primary objects is to provide a relatively large supply of fluid thatl is initially admitted to the pistou `chamber behind the piston at the very beginning of its working stroke, the arrangement being such that the valve hasa short movement and consequent quick action.

vThe preferred form of construction is illustrated in thc accompanying drawings, wherein zn Figure 1 is a longitudinal sectional view through a motor of the hammer piston type lequipped with the valve mechanism, and showing the piston in a position to start on its working stroke.'

Figure 2 is a lview similar to Figure 1, but illustrating the relation of the parts when said working stroke is completed,`

Figure 3 is a cross sectional view on the line 3-3 of Figure V2,

Figure 4 is an end view of the distributing valve,

Figure 5 is a side elevation of the same.

In the embodiment disclosed, acylinder member 6 is provided with the usual piston chamber '7, in which operates a reciproca.-

torv piston designatedv 8. A. valve Chest 9` is fitted to the rear end ot' the c vhnder memr ber 6, and is preferably provided with an extension 10 that tits thereinto, forming 'a rear Wall for the piston chamber` 7. This valve chest is provided with a valve chamber designa-ted generally by the reference numeral 11, said valve chamber having its front end opening into the rear end of the piston chamber 7 through a circular series- I ot' ports 12 that open into an annular groove 13 forrned in the front end of the valve chest r around the' valve chamber 11.

18 milled in its rear end. The rear head 14 is provided with the usualv connection. for a supply hose, and has a throttle valve 19 controlling the Supply of motive iuid to a passageway 20 formed in said rear end 14, in one side of the valve chest 9, and in the rear end of the cylinder member 6. This lpassageway is in communication with a port .21 opening into a relatively large groove 22 formed in the rear end of the cylinder member around the valve chest extension 10, and providing a reservoir of considerable ca-pac4 'ity for motive fluid. This reservoir has communication through ports 23 with an y internal groove 24 formed inthe valve chest around the valve chamber 11 and constituting in effect a `part pf the reservoir 22.

A reciprocatory automatic distributing valve 25 is located in the valveA chamber 11 and surrounds the plug extension 15, being spaced from the reduced portion 16 of said plugL extension and slidably fitting on the relatively long head 17, as illustrated in Figure 2. The front end of this valve is provided with a series of ports 26 that aiord communication between the groove or reservoir 22-24 and the space between the valve and the reduced portion 16 of the plug eX- tension, this space forming an internal reservoir 27 within the valve. It is to be noted that the ports 26 are at all times in cominunication with the groove 24 and reservoir 27, whether the valve is in its rearmost position. as shown in Figure 1. or in its foremost position as shown in Figure 2, so that Huid under pressure supplied through Avthe passageway 20 will always have access to both the reservoirs 22 and 27.

The valve chest 9 is provided in the rear y of the groove 24 with spaced grooves 28 and 29 located on opposite sides of an inter- .mediate groove 30. The groove 30 has an exhaust port 31 shown diagrammatically in Figures 1 and 2 that opens to atmosphere. The exterior face of the valve 25 is provided A rear head 14 for thetool abuts against with eut-awayportions 32 that afford comthe rear end of tne valve chest 9.

' may be in sections` as shown, andthe 'inner section 1s provided with a `central plug eX- valve chamber, and has a plurality of slots This head munication between thegroove 24 and groove 28, when the valve is in its foremost position and between the groove 28 and the exhaust groove 3() when the valve is in its rearmost position. From the groove 28 a passageway 33 leads to the vfront end of the piston chamber 7 in advance of the piston when the latter is at the vfront end of its forward stroke. The groove 29 is incommunication with a passageway 34; thatopens into the'rear portion of the piston chamber 7 a short distance advance of its rear end. TheV cylinder membervmoreover has a cen- Itral exhaust port :35 opening from the piston chamber 7.to atmosphere, and a passageway 36. leading from the piston chamber 7 between the front end of the passageway 34 and the exhaust port 35, opens into a cham-A ber 37 at the rear end of the valve chest. In this chamber operates yan external liange 38 formed upon the'rear' ond of the valve 25.

` It will be noted that the internal bore of the tubular valve 25 is of two diameters', pro viding anannular shoulder 41, forming a pressure surfacev against which motive fluid 'in the reservoir -27 acts tomove the distributing valve 25 forwardly.

Assuming the parts in the positions illustrated in Figure 1, the piston 8 is at the rear end of its stroke and is in position to move forwardly on its working stroke. When so related it will be noted that the valve 25 is in its rearmostposition.' Consequently air or other motive fluid can pass from the reservoir grooves 22 and ,24 around the 4head 17 of the plug extension and through the ports 12 into the rear end of the. pistonA chamber to drive said piston forwardly. At

the same time motive Huid in the internal reservoir 27 can also iiowfrcelyaround the y plug extension head 17 and through said. ports. 12 into the rear end-of the .piston chamber. Consequently a relatively large body of air acts upon the pistontoinitiatc its forward movement. As it moves forwardly, exhaust in advance of the same will take place through the port 35 and also through the passageway 33, groove28, cutaway portions 32 of the valve, groove 30 and exhaust port 31. The valve is held in its -rearmost position during the forward movement of the piston by the air acting on the front end of said valve.v When the piston uncovers the'passageway 36,--1notivc Huid behind the piston will pass through said passageway 36 and enter the chamber- 37 behind the fiange 38. While some of this fluid will escapethrough the exhaust port 39 the area of said port is so much'smaller than the passageway 36 that 'pressure will build up in the chamber 37, and acting against .the relatively large rear face'of the flange 38, will, together with the pressure` against the internal shoulder 41,*

the supply of motive Huid aroundf the 1 plug head 17 as illustrated in Figure 2-and causes the groove 28 to'be brought into V com-- munication with the groove 24 through the cut-away portions 32 on the exterior of the valve. As a consequence live Huid will flow through the passageway 33 to the front end of thev cylinder, driving the piston rearwardly. The exhaust will 'new 'take place through the port 35, which has been passed by the piston and through the passageway 34, thegroove 29 around the valve to the groove 30, and out of the exhaust port `31. This 'action will continue until the passageway 36 is closed by the returning vpis/ton, whereupon any pressurein the chamber 37 and against the flange 38 of'the'valv'e due to the exhausting fluid will beientirely relieved7 by the open exhaust 39. When the inner end of the passageway 34 is passed by the piston the fluid behind saidpiston will be trapped and pressure built up which will y operate against the front end of the v alve sufliciently to overcome the pressure against the internal shoulder 41, thereby moving the -valve rearwardly, or to the position shown in Figure'l. n

In' these operations, it is to be noted that the valve has a very short movement .and when in its foremost position a relatively small amount of air or other motiveiuid isl utilized through the passageway 33 to drive the piston rearwardly. Full pressure4 is therefore built upA in the relatively large chambers or reservoirs 22--24 and .27, that as soon as the valve shifts to the rear' and opens the valve chamber to the rear end of the piston chamber` a largerbody of'compressed motive fluid flows immediately into the pistomchamber and initiates the workinstroke'of the piston. j rom the foregoing,- it is thought that the construction, noperation 'and' `many advantages; of the herein describedv inven'' 'tion will be apparent to tho skilled in the"v art, without further description, and it will be understood that various changes in the size, shape, proportion and minor details of construction, may be resorted to without .de-l, parting from the spirit or sacrificing any of` ber and having a front open end, a fluid reservoir within the valve having means of communication at its front end with the rear end ofthe pistonV chamber, and means ffor automatically operating; the valve to cause its front end to move to and from apositioll across said means of communication to periodically cutit olf.

2. In a -fluidopcrated motor, the combination with a cylinderlmember having a piston chambe' and a piston operating in the chamber, of a valve casing -n rear of the piston chamber and having anl annular groove inils front end-and ports opening from the groove into the i'ea'r end of the piston chamber, a movable automatic hollow distributing valve in tlie valve chamber having an open front end, a fluid reservoir' within the valve having communication at its front end with the groove, the front end of said valve being movablewith said valve to and from a position betweenthe reservoir i -and the groove, and means for ellecting the automatic operation vof the valve. L

3. In a fluid .operated motor, the combination with a cylinder member and a piston operating therein, vof a valve chamber, a plug element in the valve chamber, and a hollow distributing valve surrounding the plug element and having a portion surrounding and spaced therefrom forming a fluid reservoir within the valve, said cham-' ber having communication through the front end of the valve with' the cylinder member and the front ends of said distributing valve 'and plug element cooperating to control-such communication.

4; In a uid operated motor, the combination' with a cylinder member and a piston operating therein, of, a valve chamber, a plug element in the valve chamber, a bolloT distributing valve surrounding the plug ele-4 vment and having a'portion spaced therefrom forming a Huid reservoir withinthe valve, said chamber having communication around the p lug element with the cylinder member and said distributing valve and plug element cooperating to control such communication, a motor fluid supply passageway, and means affording constant communication between the fluid supply passageway and the reservoir.

5. In a fluid operated motor, the combination with a cylinder member and a piston operating therein, of a valve chamber, a plug element in the valve chamber, a hollow distributing valve surrounding the 'plug element and .having a portion spaced therefrom forming a fluid reservoir within the valve, said chamber having communication at one end around the plug element with the Acylinder member and said distributing valve having one end cooperating with the plug element to control such communication, and a'motor fluid supply passageway, said valve having a port affording constant communication between the fluid supply passageway and the reservoir.-` v

6. In a fluid operated motor, the combina- `tion with a cylinder member having a pist0n chamber, and a piston therein, of a valve chamber opening into the rear end of the piston chamber, a plug extension in thev .valveehamber having a reduced portion `forming a fluid reservoir and a head at the inner end of said reservoir, a valve in the valve' chamber surrounding the plug extension, said valve having an open end shdably fitting the-head and said valve having a portion spaced from the reduced portion,

said end of the valve cooperating with the plug to cut off communication between the reservoir and the piston chamber when in motive fluid to the reservoir.V

soA

7. In a fluid operated motor, the eombinai tion with a cylinder member having a pist-on chamber and a piston therein, of a valve chamber opening into the rear end of the piston chamber, a plug extension in the valve chamber having a reduced port-ion forming a fluid reservoir and a head at the inner end of said reservoir, a valve in the valve chamber surrounding the plug extension and having an open front end slidably litting the head, said valve being spaced from the reduced portion, the front end of said valve andfthe plug head controlling communication between the reservoir and the piston chamber, and a motive fluidsupply passageway opening through one sideof the valvechamber, said valve having a port in constant communication with the supply passageway and the reservoir.

8. In a fluid operated motor, the combination .with a cylinder member having a pistonchamber and apiston therein, of a val-ve chamber opening into the rear end o f-the piston chamber, a plug extension in `the valve chamber having a reduced portion forming a fluid reservoir and a head at the inner end of said reservoir, a vvalve in the valve chamber surroundingthe plug extension and having an open frontend slidablyfitting both the hea-d of the plug element and the wall of the valve .chamber to cut off communication between the reservoir and 'the piston chamber when in one position and open communication through itsfront end into the refr end 'of the piston chamber when in a different position, and means for supplying motive fluid -'to-the reservoir and effecting the operation ofthe valve.

9. In a fluid operated motor, the combinaports that are in communication with the piston chamber, and means' for constantly supplying` motive fluid to bothreservoirs,

said valve controlling the passage of motive fluid from both reservoirs to the piston.

' chamber.

10. In a fluid operated motor, the combination with a cylinder member'having a piston chamber and a p iston operatingof motive fluid from both reservoirs thiou hl the open end'of the valve chamber into t e therein, of a. lvalve chest having a Valve chamber opening at one end into the piston chamber, a distributing valve in the valve chamber, motive fluid reservoirs both within and without the valve having separate outlet ports that are in communicationV with the piston chamber, and meansV for Constantly supplying motive fluid to both rcservoirs, 'said valve controlling the .passage pistonl chamber.

11.'In a fluid opera-ted motor, the

nation with a cylinder member havingl a:

piston chamber, and a piston' operating therein, of' a. valve chest having a valve chamber, a'plug element extending into the valve chamber and having a reduced port-ion forming a motive fluid reservoir, a motive fluid reservoir outside the valve chamber having separate outlet ports that arc in communication with the piston chamber, means for constantly' supplying motive fluid to both reservoirs, a tubular valve surrounding the plug element and interposed between .the

reservoirs, said valve controlling ,communie cation between the reservoirs andthe piston chamber, means for supplying motive fluid under pressure to the reservoirs, and means controlled by the piston for actuating the' valve.

. 12. yIn a fluid operated motor, the combi nation with a cylinder member having a piston chamber, 1 andv a piston operating therein, of a valve chesthaving a valve 'chamber opening at olie end into the piston chamber, a plug element extending into' the valve chamber and having a reduced portion forming a motive fluid reservoir, a motive fluid reservoir' outside the'valve chamber.

said reservoirs having common means of; communication from their .corresponding ends with the piston chamber and said means of communication being outside both reservoirs, a tubular valve surrounding the plug' element and interposed `between the r`eservoirs. said valve when 'in one position closing the open end ofthe valve chamber and controlling communication y -`between the resfervoirs and the piston chamber, means'fo'r supplying' motive Huid under pressure to bothA reservoirs, and lmeans controlled by the piston for actuating the valve. I.

13. In a fluid operated motor the combi'- nation with a cylinder member and a piston operating' therein, of an automatic hollow distributing valve` having an open end, a fluid reservoir within theA valve having complying motive munication with the cylinder member, said cf'immunicationv being controlled by said end of the valve means for constantly sup-v fluid lto the reservoir, said valve having an internal pressure surface' adjacent the open end andv operated on by motive fluid supplied to fthe reservoir, and

means controlled by the iston for overcoming the said pressure an shifting the valve iii opposition thereto.

14. In a' fluid operated motor,` the combination with a cylinder member havingv a piston chamberand a piston therein, of a valve chamber opening into the rear end of.` the piston chamber, a plug extension in the valve chamber vhaving a vreduced' portion forming a fluidreservoir and a head at the l inner end of said reservoir, a valve 'iii the v alvechamber surrounding the plug extension`,"-`said valve having one end slidably'fittingthe -head and-being spaced from'the reduced portion, said valve controlling 'comniunication between the'reservoir and the piston.v chamber, means for constantlyfsup-r lying :motive fluid to the reservoir, said slidabl ,fitted lend of the valvehaving an interna 'f motovei-,fd

y Huid supplied to the-Vreseri'zoir. and acting to move the valve'to-aposition tojcut off said communication, and means con- V"tr'olled: by the pistonv to periodically operate the valve against said pressure on the internal surface to open said communication.v

'pressure .surface operated. on byv v 15. Inafluid'operated motor, the combii nation with a. cylinder member having a pis# ton chamber and a piston operating therein,

ofa valve chest having a valve chamber opening intfrthe rear end of' the vpiston chamber, a forwardly vextending plugl extension-in the valve chamber having a head at its free'end anda reduced portion forming a motive fluid reservoir, a secondreservoir around the valve chamber, having communication with the piston chamber independent of the front reservoir, and in communication therewith4f--a -reciprocatory valve in the' valve chamber surrounding the plug extension and having an open frontend slidably mounted lon the head and coa'cting therewith toclose the communicationv ,bes tween said valve chamber and piston chamber and close the two reservoirs from the 'valve chamber having a head at its free end' and a reduced portion forming a motivel fluid reservoir openingl "through .the valve chamberv into the piston chamber, a second reservoir around the valve chamber and in communication through the front end of the' I same with the piston chamber, a reciprocatory valveA in the, valve vchamber surroundingthe plug extension and having an open front end slidable on the 'headl and cooperating therewith to close the communication i' between said valve chamber and piston chamber and thereby close thc tworeservoirs from the latter, said x'valve having a port atordingconstant communication between `the two reservoirs, means for supply- A g ing motive fluid to oneof saidV reservoirs,

the interior of said'valve at the open end vhavinga pressure surface acted on by the motive 'fluid in the inner chamber to shift saidv valve to said closing position, -and posite direction.

means controlled bythe piston-to overcome said pressure and shift said valve in the vop- 17. In a luidoperated motor, the combinationjwith a cylindermember havinga pistonchamber and a piston operating therein,

ot a valve chest in rear of the piston cham-A ber and having an open ended valve charnber, 'a plug' member extending through the valve chamber and having a reduced portionforming a reservoinand a head at its inner end, said valve chest having a Vreservoir surrounding the valve chamber, andareciprocatory open ended valve in the valvev chamber operating. between the two reservoirs and having a port alordinof constant communication between them, sai reservoirs having a common outlet in direct communication with bothand opening intothe rear end of the piston chamber. andthe end of the valve being movable into' and out .of'said outl let to cut both reservoirs,simultaneously oi from the pistonchamber.

18. In a Huid operated motor, the combination with a cylinder member having a' lpiston chambe1` and a, piston operati g` therein, of avalve chest in rear of t e piston chamber; and having .an open ended Avalve chamber, a .plug member extending .through the valve chamber and having -a `reduced portion forming a reservoir .and

a head at its inner end, said valve chest having a reservoir surrounding the valve chamber, and a reciprocatory open ended valve in the valve chamber operating between vthe twol reservoirs and having a port aording constant communication between them, said reservoirs having a commonl outlet around the head of the plug and I in direct communication with both and opening into the rear end O f the piston chamber and the end of the valvebeing movable into and. out of a position Iillingthe space betweenv the head and valve-chest and closing ouSly olf from the piston chamber.

'65 said outlet to cut both reservoirs simultane- 19. Ina ltluid operated motor, the combinationwith a cylinder member having a piston chamber .and a 'piston operatingtherein,

of a valve chest in line with and in rear of the piston chamber and having. an open ended valv`e. chamber -disposed longitudinali ly thereof, a plug member extending through thel valve chamber and having a reduced portion forming a reservoir and a head ati s inner end, said valve chest having a yreserv. ir.4 f

surrounding the valve chamber, anda ref ciprocatory open ended valve in the valvel chamber operatingbetween thetwo resar-` voirs and havinl a port allordin'g constant communicationy etween them, 'said reservoirs having a' common outlet in direct com' munication with-bothandopen'ing into the.

rear' end lof thepiston Chamberland the end' ofthe valve beingmovable into 'and out of 

